A Discrete Algorithm of Integrated Photoelasticity for Axisymmetric Problems

By measuring stresses in cylinders with no stress gradient in axial direction, the cross-section of the cylinder may be considered as consisting of concentric rings in each of which the stresses are constant. Axial stress distribution in the cylinder is determined stepwise starting with the outermost ring (the so-called onion-peeling method). This paper generalizes the onion-peeling method for the case of axisymmetric stress distributions when stress gradient in the axial direction is present. Measurement of the integrated isoclinic and optical retardation is carried out in two parallel sections which are perpendicular to the specimen axis, Δz apart from each other. The distributions of the axial stress and shear stress are determined directly from the measurement data, using linear approximation of integrated photoelasticity. Other stress components are determined using the equilibrium equation and the compatibility equation (if stresses are due to external loads) or using the generalized sum rule (if residual stresses in glass are measured). The method is less sensitive to measurement errors than the Abel inversion. In comparison with the polynomial approximation of the stress distributions, the onion-peeling method gives more adequate results if stress distribution is not smooth. The paper is illustrated with several applications.     

Statistical analysis of HDPE fatigue lifetime

Fatigue lifetime of HDPE structures such as pipes is recognized to show a large scatter. This study aims to compare different statistical methods and distributions, in order to give convenient modeling of tensile and fatigue test results of commercially available polyethylene compression molded sheets. The median rank, the maximum likelihood and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov fitting are compared for the estimation of Weibull parameters. The choice of the best distribution to fit fatigue lifetime is discussed on the basis of the goodness-of-fit results. It is found that whether the three-parameter distributions of Weibull and lognormal types are suitable for lifetime prediction, the two-parameter Weibull is more conservative for probabilistic fatigue design.     

Coupling Strength and System Size Induce Firing Activity of Globally Coupled Neural Network

We investigate how firing activity of globally coupled neural network depends on the coupling strength C and system size N. Network elements are described by space-clamped FitzHugh-Nagumo (SCFHN) neurons with the values of parameters at which no firing activity occurs. It is found that for a given appropriate coupling strength, there is an intermediate range of system size where the firing activity of globally coupled SCFHN neural network is induced and enhanced. On the other hand, for a given intermediate system size level, there exists an optimal value of coupling strength such that the intensity of firing activity reaches its maximum. These phenomena imply that the coupling strength and system size play a vital role in firing activity of neural network.     

载银纳米SiO2对超细羊毛摩擦磨损性能的影响

用载银纳米SiO2功能液对超细羊毛进行表面改性处理,在羊毛表面形成纳米抗菌层,使纤维具有持久的抗菌性能.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察到抗菌层厚度约200 nm,纤维表面变均匀.按照国家纤维测试标准对超细羊毛纳米改性前、后单纤维强力和摩擦性能进行测试,结果表明:超细羊毛经过纳米改性后,单纤维强力增大13.4%,断裂伸长率增大38.6%,断裂强度增大22.8%,动摩擦效应减小11.04%,静摩擦效应减小16.25%,改善了超细羊毛的穿着舒适性和耐摩擦磨损性能.     

UHMWPE基体上沉积GLC薄膜及其摩擦磨损性能研究

改善超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)臼杯的耐磨性能是提高人工髋关节使用寿命的关键.本文在UHMWPE基体上采用非平衡直流磁控溅射沉积类石墨碳(GLC)薄膜,用扫描电镜、台阶轮廓仪考察了薄膜形貌和表面粗糙度,拉曼光谱分析了GLC薄膜的结构.用划痕仪和球-盘式摩擦磨损机研究了GLC薄膜与UHMWPE基体的界面结合力和GLC薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:磁控溅射法制备的GLC薄膜与基体结合力大于90 N,且对表面粗糙度没有影响;表面镀覆GLC薄膜的体积磨损率为1.6×10-17 m3/(N·m),是UHMWPE的1/19.     

9600kW六轴电力机车转向架构架的静强度分析

大功率交流传动9600kW六轴电力机车用于重载货运牵引,本文一方面参照相关规范和标准,另一方面针对特殊运营、安装等特殊载荷,数值模拟了共计四十种工况,对其转向架构架的静强度进行了分析与讨论.研究所获得的数值结论具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值,在为该型机车的投产以及相关的设计技术提供重要参考同时,也为大功率重载机车的构架计算的工况选取提供了很好的数值依据.     

应用格形模型和统计方法分析两相材料宏观等效力学性质

采用格形模型和统计方法分析了三维两相材料的宏观等效力学性质。首先建立了两相非均匀材料的力学模型和相应的格形有限元分析.在后利用该方法针对六种两相材料模型,分别分析了材料体积比、不同空间分布和材料物理性质分布对两相材料宏观力学性质的影响。由于使用了三维非均匀模型和自适应载荷步长的加载技术,该方法可以较好地模拟材料在准静态加载条件下的破坏全过程,所得结果可以为颗粒（或短纤维）增强复合材料的力学性质及其设计提供参考依据。     

动载荷下材料的屈服强度变化

描述了冲击加载和准等熵加载下获得材料动态屈服强度的方法,并以钨合金材料为研究对象,通过VISAR测试技术测量了钨合金材料在冲击加载下的屈服强度随压力的变化,并把实验结果与文献报道的准等熵加载下的材料强度变化的实测结果进行了比较。结果表明,准等熵加载下材料的屈服强度明显高于冲击加载下的材料屈服强度,并认为这主要是由于两种加载方式下材料的温升效应不同所造成的。     

Effect of Water on the Physicomechanical Properties of Composites Containing Low-Density Polyethylene and Linen Yarn Production Waste

The effect of the amount of absorbed water on the physicomechanical indices (tensile modulus and tensile strength) of composites based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linen yarn production waste (LW), both with and without coupling agents (stearic acid - SA and diphenylmetane diisocyanate - DIC), is studied. It is shown that the strength properties depend considerably on the time of water sorption and on the blend composition. The tensile strength decreases with increased amount of absorbed water (with increased time of exposure to distilled water) and with increased content of LW in the composite. Somewhat different results are obtained for systems containing SA and DIC modifiers. The modifiers, intensifying the interfacial interaction, retard the process of water sorption, therefore the drop in the strength indices is not so significant. Of special interest is the behavior of systems with DIC. In some cases, a slight increase in strength (after a two to five day exposure to water) is observed, which is probably caused by cross-linking of the free diisocyanate in the system under the action of moisture.